Economics and National Income - 1160 Words

Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions in Chapter 17 1. An economy is currently in equilibrium. The following figures refer to elements in its national income accounts. | | £ billions | |Consumption (total) |60 | |Investment |5 | |Government expenditure |8 | |Imports |10 | |Exports |7 | (a) What is the current equilibrium level of national income? (b) What is the level of injections? (c) What is the level of withdrawals? (d) Assuming that tax revenues are  £7 billion, how much is the level of saving?†¦show more content†¦4. Construct a table similar to Table 17.2 (on page 477), only this time assume that the mpcd is  ¾. Show that national income will increase by  £640 million. Table 16.1(a) The multiplier round: original table in text ————————————————————— Period (J (Y (Cd (W ( £m) ( £m) ( £m) ( £m) ————————————————————— 1 160 160 80 80 ( 2 – 80 40 40 ( 3 – 40 20 20 ( 4 – 20 10 10 ( 5 – 10 5 5 ( 6 – 5 . . . . . . ————————————————————— 1 ( ( 320 160 160 ————————————————————— Table 16.1(b) The multiplier round: answer to question: mpcd =  ¾ —————————————————————— Period (J (Y (Cd (W ( £m) ( £m) ( £m) ( £m) —————————————————————— 1 160 160 120 40 ( 2 – 120 90 30Show MoreRelatedEconomics - National Income2400 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ECONOMICS TITLE : NATIONAL INCOME TEAM MEMBERS : SARAH CHIN, ARDEN, NURUL NADYRAH FIR DAUS LECTURER : MR.MANO TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION TO NATIONAL INCOME 3, 4 2. BACKGROUND OF NATIONAL INCOME 5, 6 3. THE MEASUREMENT OF NATIONAL INCOME 7, 8 4. THE PROBLEMS IN MEASURING NATIONAL INCOME 9, 5. PROBLEMS OF COMPARISON OF NATIONAL INCOME BETWEEN 10 COUNTRIES Read MoreManagerial Economics National Income2704 Words   |  11 Pagesmeasurement of nation income Classical and Keynes approaches nATIONAL INCOM E: ----The t otal sum of goods and services produced by t he people of a count ry wit h t he help of capit als and national resources called Nat ional Income (Prof. Alfred Marshall) We can define Nat ional Income as t he collective achievement of a nat ion. In t his way, t he Nat ional Income is t he aggregat e of t he individual incomes. (Prof. Gardner Ackley) Nat ional Income is t he basic concept of economic, which refers tRead MoreAssignment 2: What Is Gross Domestic Product?988 Words   |  4 PagesIn the fourth quarter, real GDP decreased. Exports, imports, and personal consumption expenditures decreased. Additionally, Federal, national defense and nondefense increased through each quarter. (NIPA Tables 1.1.5, 2012) c. What caused these changes? The causes for these changes were because of the recession. This was due to a significant decline in economic activity. Additionally, personal consumption expenditures and private investment are down dramatically and real exports of goods andRead MoreBusiness Gross Domestic Products1520 Words   |  7 Pagescompared with an increase of 0.8 percent in the second. 2. What was GNP for 2009? Q1 14.24 Q2 14.25 Q3 14.36 Q4 14.56 Or The GNP for 2009 was 14,117.2 d. What is the difference between GDP and GNP? Gross National Product (GNP) is often contrasted with Gross Domestic Product (GDP). While GNP measures the output generated by a countrys enterprises (whether physically located domestically or abroad) GDP measures the total output produced within a countrysRead MoreGdp vs. Gnp1201 Words   |  5 Pagesand GNP (Gross National Product) represent the size and strength of the economy. While both concepts are similar, their definition, calculation and applications are different from each other. Comparison chart All attributes   Differences    Similarities    Improve this chart | GDP | GNP | Definition: | An estimated value of the total worth of a country’s production and services, calculated over the course on one year | GDP (+) total capital gains from overseas investment (-) income earned by foreignRead More How is National Income derived? What is the GDP? What information does564 Words   |  3 PagesHow is National Income derived? What is the GDP? What information does it give us about a nation? What is per capita income? If you wanted to know about the economy of a country, which would you consider more important, and why? (25 points) National Income is derived through the overall income earned by a country’s people, including labor and capital investment. Gross domestic product is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minusRead MoreThe Impact Of Economic Condition Of A Business Organization1433 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced by the formation of economy. Economics is the fact that can establish or demolish a business. Changes of economic condition of a business organization are the main following factor. The increase of economic condition is the sign of business success. On the other hand a business organization can identify its failure by seeing the decrease of economic condition. Economics for business is related with the issues and problems regarding the economic strategies. The structure of an organizationRead MoreEcnomic Growth1252 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- Economic Development ------------------------------------------------- Definition of Economic Development Economic development is a process of economic transition involving structural transformation of an economy through industrialization, raising gross national product and per capital income. According to Lewis, Economic development means increase in output per head. According to Micheal Todaro, Economic development must be conceived of as a multi-dimensionalRead MoreEssay on ECON 2155 932 Words   |  4 PagesConsists of four parts Part 1: Expenditures Approach to Calculating GDP (weight 25% of the assignment grade) Complete the following exercise Visit the Bureau of Economic Analysis Web site at   www.bea.gov   In U.S. Economic Accounts under   National click on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), then Interactive Tables: GDP and the National Income and Product Account (NIPA) Historical Tables, click â€Å"Begin using the data†, and use Section 1 - Tables 1.1.5 and 1.1.6 to identify the GDP (nominal GDP) and realRead MoreGm545 Business Economics-Project Paper 21569 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 14 National income and output are used in economic studies to estimate the value of goods and services produced in an economy a snapshot of a country’s economic activity. A system of national account is employed to account for and record economic changes. National income is calculated using a variety of different methods. Some of the more popular methods include GDP (Gross Domestic Product), GNP (Gross National Product), NNP (Net National Product), NNI (Net National Income) PI (Personal

Carol Ann Duffy Valentine - 1203 Words

Examine the way Carol Ann Duffy presents relationships in ‘Valentine’. Refer to other poems about relationships in your answer. This essay will be exploring the use of language and imagery in the poem ‘Valentine’ by Carol Ann Duffy to emphasise certain emotions within the text. This poem refers to the dark side of love and relationships several times, for example; â€Å"Its fierce kiss will stay on your lips.† This creates a different atmosphere to the stereotypical love poems, which are known for their mention of red roses and satin hearts. Although the title gives us an impression of a clichà ©-filled poem, as we continue reading, the poem seems like more of a warning than an encouragement to involve oneself in relationships and commitment,†¦show more content†¦The use of the detached word â€Å"Lethal† in the final stanza suggests that this is the core to the emotion of love, and the surface to the surrounding layers is red roses and satin hearts. We can compare ‘Valentine’ to ‘Sonnet 18’ written by William Shakespeare and ‘Sonnet 43’ by Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Despite having to perhaps read more deeply into ‘Sonnet 18’ to understand its purpose, we can see from the first line; â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?† that it is of a romantic genre. This line can also be linked to ‘Romeo and Juliet’ perhaps suggesting that Shakespeare has emotional attachments to the message he is attempting to articulate, as he uses this motive in more than one of his pieces. Whilst the opening greets us with a warm welcome and the perception that it will continue to express a contented vibe, a turning point of â€Å"But...† is introduced. It then goes on to use immortality as a comparison to relationships, for example; â€Å"Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade.† This mention of demise can also be associated with the plot of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ supporting the point made earlier. Giving the inanimate object of â€Å"Death† a capital letter is a use of personification that proposes the idea to the reader that death is living, and it is always something to be feared. â€Å"Sonnet 43† also grabs the reader’s attention with a question that is later answered. The use of theShow MoreRelatedSonnet 130 by William Shakespeare and Valentine by Carol Ann Duffy1209 Words   |  5 Pagespoems â€Å"Sonnet 130† and â€Å"Valentine† present similar ideas about love, though they are written centuries apart. Sonnet 130 (written by William Shakespeare) is like a love poem turned on its head. Instead of describing her in a positive light, he criticise her physical features. He describes the flaws of her body, her smell, even the sound of her voice. Then, at the end, he changes his tune and tells us about his real and complete love for her. Valentine (written by Carol Ann Duffy) describes a gift forRead MoreLove in Carol Ann Duffys Valentine762 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Love† in Carol Ann Duffy’s Valentine Many people usually see â€Å"love† only one side especially when they deeply fall in love with someone. There are a lot of poems that respond the feeling of these falling in love people about how beautiful love is. It is true that love is beautiful. On the other hand, for me sometimes love is also painful. I really like the sentence that â€Å"love is color-blind† because this sentence can show not only the positive side of love but also the negative side of love. SoRead More Discuss How Carol Ann Duffy Makes Effective Use Of Metaphor.976 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss How Carol Ann Duffy Makes Effective Use Of Metaphor. In ‘Valentine’, Carol Ann Duffy uses metaphors to illustrate and attempt to explain the complex subject of love. ‘Valentine’ is a very poignant, meaningful poem which is on a very personal level with C.A.D. It seems as if she is drawing on personal experiences. The general tone of the poem appears to be one of bitterness and resentment. Forceful comments such as, ‘†¦Here..’ and ‘†¦Take it†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ suggest that she still holds hiddenRead MoreAnalysis Of Carol Ann Duffy s The Rubbish At Adultery 964 Words   |  4 PagesThe three poems I am studying are Valentine by Carol Ann Duffy, Rubbish at adultery by Sophie Hannah and Absence by Elizabeth Jennings. The three poems are each portraying different level of love relationships, to express their feelings, whether it is trueness, yearning or bitter. The first poem I am going to study is Valentine by Carol Ann Duffy. In Valentine Duffy introduces the reader to her own symbol of love, the onion, which is unusual because the onion is a very trembleRead More Comparing The Flea and Valentine Essay2166 Words   |  9 PagesComparing The Flea and Valentine The flea is a metaphysical poem about a man trying to argue a virgin into bed to have sexual intercourse with him. This poem was most likely written to amuse the readers and probably more for a larger male audience. The poem was written in the late 17th century in a period where sex within marriage was like a household chore, but socially, sex before marriage was like a sin, because society was extremely religious. John Donne is attempting to get theseRead More Attitude Towards Love in Valentine and The Flea Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesTowards Love in Valentine and The Flea. The two poems Valentine and The Flea are about the two different ways in which the poets portray their views about love, however the poems are still linked in a few ways. The Flea was published in the seventeenth century and was written by John Donne. Valentine was published in 1983 and was written by Carol Ann Duffy. Both poems are addressed to an unknown lover. The poem Valentine is written in free-verse form. Carol Ann Duffy could haveRead More Compare Carol Ann Duffys Valentine to Andrew Marvells To His Coy1569 Words   |  7 PagesCompare Carol Ann Duffys Valentine to Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress In this assignment I will be comparing two love poems Carol Ann Duffys Valentine to Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress. The poem Valentine was written is the twentieth century and in it the speaker uses onion as a metaphor to show her love. The poem To His Coy Mistress was written in the seventeenth century and is about the poet trying to persuade his Mistress to sleep with him. Valentine by Carol AnnRead MoreEssay about Carol Ann Duffys Mean Time852 Words   |  4 PagesCarol Ann Duffys Mean Time Carol Ann Duffys poem Mean Time is about loss of love and the different ways in which time brings about change or loss of life itself. The poem is very personal and autobiographical to Duffys life as are most of her poems. Mean Time is based on mourning your lost love and how regrets seem meaningless when one day you get up and realise its not just time which has passed you by, but time has stolen your life too, and in the end it willRead MoreConsider the Role and Treatment of Love in Carol Ann Duffy’s Valentine.1397 Words   |  6 Pagestreatment of love in Carol Ann Duffy’s ‘Valentine’. Carol Ann Duffy’s ‘Valentine’ ultimately depicts a highly cynical attitude towards love and conventional gestures of affection. The poem uses traditional images of valentine as a starting point, before showing how an onion is much more true to the nature of love. An extended metaphor of the onion is then used to depict Duffy’s underlying implication that love can be destructive on many different levels. One of the main ways in which Duffy conveys thisRead MoreThe Theme of Love in Poetry1916 Words   |  8 Pagesof these views throughout the ages are explored through poetry as love has much contemporary relevance in todays society as it ever did before. Two love poems I read which inspired me were Shakespeares Sonnet 116 and Carol-Anne Duffys Valentine. Shakespeares poem is a traditional sonnet written in the late 1660s Renaissance period when at this time love was not a discussed topic in society. The people of society married for money or business purposes, which Shakespeare

ATOMIC THEORY Essay Example For Students

ATOMIC THEORY Essay Atomic Theory is the study of atoms. Atoms are the smallest forms of matter that can still be considered/recognized as elements. Atoms are what make up everything on our earth, from molecules to monkeys. Atoms are joined together to make molecules, which are in turn joined together to make everything else. To give you an idea of the size of an atom, Encarta Online describes it as being so small that a single drop of water could contain more than a million million billion atoms. I think they couldve used more scientific terms, but you get the idea at least. In the early half of the 19th century, John Dalton (a chemist, who many consider the person who started the atomic theory) proved that atoms are always joined together basically the same way, and that the smallest part of a chemical compound was a molecule. He said that All atoms of an element have the same chemical behavior, but different elements have atoms with different chemical properties.Scientists weigh gases by holding the same amount of a gas in a container and then wighing it. In the 20th century, most scientists used oxygen as the standard gas to compare other gases weights. It is relativly easy to measure the weights of liquids and sloids, the same procedure for gas is followed, more or less. In the early 1960s, though, the international union of chemistry and physics agreed that there would be a new standard, carbon isotope (carbon-12). British physicist Ernest Rutherford found and proved that an atoms mass is concentrated in its its nucleus, which is the center of the atom. He also gave the idea that parts of an atom, called its electrons, orbit the nucleus. He said that the electrons were negatively charged and that the protons were positively charged. He said that the two charged always equalled each other/cancelled each other out (making it neutral). Danish physicist made what became known as the Bohr Theory for atoms and atomics theory. He stated that electrons were arranged in seven different orbits, or quantum levels. He said that each of these levels was capable of holding a different, limited number of electrons. In 1919, Ernest Rutherford tried to bombard nitrogen gas with alpha particles, and when he tried this, some of the alpha particles collided with the nitrogen nucleuses.They then emitted a postively-charged proton. More research helped find that protons are part of the nucleus, along with neutrons. There are two nuclear processes, called fission and fusion, provide huge amounts of energy to us by two different processes. Fission splits an atom, while fusion invlves fusing two nucleuses. Scientists figured out how to do nuclear fission in 1930, when the discovered that by splitting the nucleuses of Uranium, they could produce large amounts of energy. Atomic theory has moved along quite a bit since discovered. I can only wonder what we will find out within the next 25 years! A long time ago, my grandpa didnt have electricity when he was growing up. I cant imagine how he survived without electicity. Many years from now, my grandchildren will probably wondering, How did grandpa ever survive without Cold Fusion?

Centered Approach free essay sample

Family-Centered Approach ECE 313 Collaboration with Parents Community Kathleen Thomas October 10, 2011 Instructor Cindy Hopper The economy has hit an all time low and has caused two parent households and single parent households into the workforce. As a result of this the parents are looking for childcare centers for their children. The main concern of these parents is will the centers help with the behavior and development of their children. These parents are looking for a place that is going to help with the development of their children’s self-help skills, empowerment, pro-social skills, self-esteem and attachment. These are behaviors that are not easily controlled and because the children spend the majority of their time in the centers the parents are hoping that together they can help develop desired behavior. That is why they are looking for a center that uses the family-centered approach. As the educator you have to develop a relationship with the children and their parents, the parents have to feel that they are going to be involved in everything that goes on in the center and that concerns their child. The educator has to sit down and learn about the child from the parent so that the educator will know what the parent expects from the educator and the center. The educator has to spend time with the child so that they can start to form a relationship. Family-centered has been defined as: Focus on the children within their families. The program includes the family as an integral, inseparable, part of the children’s education and socialization. Families along with their children are the program. (Gonzalez-Mena) p. . It is very important to acknowledge the children within their families because this way, you remember that you can not do anything without involving both of them. It is important that the educators know what the parents expectations are, Teaching children desired behavior may not be easy even when the educator and the parent are using the same methods. Potty training may require the educator and the parent using the same procedure which might be putting the child on the potty several times a day. If either of them changes the procedure this might cause the child to become confused and it may take longer to train her. To encourage desired behavior from children, parents and teachers need to have a strong relationship with the children. A warm affectionate bond and a positive emotional tone in the home and center will convince the children that their teachers and parents are on the same team and promote a spirit of cooperation and understanding. (Neifert, Marianne, MD) Helping a child develop self-esteem takes a lot of work because you can not do it by saying things that are not realistic. You can not say you are the prettiest girl in the world and think that this will help her self-esteem, as a parent you have to promote self assurances, self-help, competence and being â€Å"special. † Self-esteem rises if the individual is proud to perceive herself as being in possession of these traits. (Gonzalez-Mena) p. 205. Self-esteem has four dimensions: significance, competence, power and virtue. Teaching a child about self-esteem would be difficult because hopefully the child would feel loved and cared for by her parents and she would need to feel that you loved and cared for her too. However, if the child did not feel that she was important this is not something that you can make happen. You can try by showing her that you do care about her and that she is important. You could compliment her when she has achieved a goal that was set for her but you should not over praise her. To promote self-esteem you should never have a critical attitude, label a child or use name calling. Use encouragement instead of always praising them. When they have done something better than the last time make a comparison about how much better it was this time. Never compare your child’s performance to another child’s. Children will fail at some of the things that they try to do but this will be an experience for them. Have realistic expectations; be certain that your expectations for the children’s behavior match their age and developmental abilities. You have to be prepared to show them what it is that you want them to do. Practice the skills with them so that they will be able to do them alone. It is not impossible for a two year old to put on their coats but this two year old might not be ready, you will have to practice this over and over until the child is able to do it themselves. Competence, power and virtue are a part of self-esteem and these things might be easier to teach, being competent means that you have skills that you are very good at. If you were doing these skills on a daily basis you would someday be extremely good at that skill. Power is believing that you are in charge of something other than the paper clips and that you have control over the things that happen in your life. Virtue is being a good person and knowing right from wrong. Educators can take these four dimensions and use them to help a child learn how to feel good about themselves. Teaching pro-social skills you can model the children yourself, you have to set limits and tell them why you are setting the limits. The reason is because you don’t want them to get hurt. Have children work and play together so that they will cooperate better. When children are involved in a conflict it is your responsibility to resolve it with a solving approach. Always avoid punishment as a way of discipline. There are other things that you can do when trying to teach pro-social skills; as an educator you should sincerely acknowledge children’s pro-social behavior by recognizing when they are doing things together (ex: two children have started cleaning up the art area) your response could be â€Å"that is real cooperation†. You should explain reasons for rules and help the children understand the effects of their behavior on others. This type of inductive discipline seems to encourage child to be kind and helpful. (Berman, K. L. , M. M. Torres, C. E. Domitrovich, J. A. An educator can encourage good behavior by using a reward system. Choose a behavior you would like to change. There might be a child in your classroom who will not sit still in his seat; you can tell him that if he sits still that you will reward him for staying in his seat. You can tell him that he has to earn five tokens by staying in his seat when you are teaching the class and that five tokens will get him ice cream at lunchtime. It does not have to be tokens; you might have a chart with everyone’s name on it and at the end of the week if they have receive a star for everyday they will receive extra cookies at snack time. Share your reward system with the parents and see if that helps them out with behavior problems at home.